Ammaedara is a Berber name, although the only evidence of pre-Roman occupation is the foundations of a Carthaginian temple to the god Baal Hammon overlooking Oued Haidra to the southeast of the site.
The first Roman settlement here was a base established by the troops of the Augustine Third Legion at the beginning of the 1st century AD during their campaign to suppress a rebellion by the Numidian chief Tacfinares. Only a cemetery near the Arch of Septimius Severus survives from this period. After Tacfinares was defeated, Ammaedara was repopulated with retired soldiers and became a prosperous trading town.