Al Qasrayn governorate is situated in an important historical area. There are some cities in this area that were famous at the age of the roman empire like Sbeitla, haidara and Benmaqeta. The area also acquired great strategic importance after the Islamic conquest. Towards the end of the 7th century, Muslims has settled the peace in north Africa after their conquest to Sbeitla, the capital city of the barbers at that time.
Al Qasrayn city was founded by the romans, probably in the 2nd century under the name of Cellium. After the fall of the Roman empire, it became a market center for the surrounding villages. The city also played an effective role in the modern history. During the 2nd world war as the battle of Qasrayn Pass put an end to the axis power in north Africa. In February, 1943, the German ground forces, under the leadership of Marshal Erwin Rommel, succeeded to prevent the American forces from advancing towards Nazy-occupied Tunisia. The American forces suffered heavy casualties because of their lack of war experience. However, within three weeks, the Americans implemented wide ranging strategic and structural reforms to restore their positions. The advancement of the British forces westward from Libya further paved the way for the fall of Tunis in the hands of the Allied who attained a great victory.
The municipality of Al Qasrayn was establish in the 15th of may 1945 with a population of only 1,000 people. In 1958, the city was recognized as the capital city of Al Qasrayn governorate. This paved the way for the tribes to settle there, and for the population to increase.